ABSTRACT
La eficacia de las estrategias de la administración pública se ha medido en la forma en que manejan las pandemias y los efectos en cadena que se producen en el medio ambiente o la sociedad, y en este caso, en el abastecimiento de agua rural en México en tiempos de pandemia. El acceso al agua en las zonas rurales de México y cómo el gobierno ha manejado el aumento de la demanda durante las pandemias se exploran mediante una revisión sistemática de 51 documentos. El sistema de agua de México está por debajo de la media y es necesario realizar más inversiones en los planes de gestión comunitaria. Se requiere la participación de la ciudadanía en el desarrollo de esquemas de gestión comunitaria para encontrar una solución a la demanda y oferta cambiantes.Alternate :The efficacy of public administration strategies has been gauged on how they handle pandemics and the knock-on effects that occur on the environment or society, and in this case, in the rural water supply in Mexico in times of pandemics. Water access in rural Mexico and how the government has managed the rise in demand during pandemics are explored using a systematic review into 51 documents. Mexico's water system is below par and there is a need for more investments to be pumped into community management schemes. The involvement of the public in the development of community management schemes is necessary to find a solution to the changing demand and supply.
ABSTRACT
In July 2020, the Kyushu region experienced record-breaking heavy rains from July 4-7, causing extreme floods in the Kuma and Chikugo Rivers. This was followed by atmospheric instability over a wide area from western Japan to the Tohoku region, resulting in heavy rainfall on July 13-14 in the Chugoku region, and on July 27-28 in the Tohoku region, and flooding of large rivers including the Go River and the Mogami River. In recent years, record-breaking torrential rainfall disasters have been occurring every year, and the heavy precipitation scale as well as the rainfall intensity has been increasing in space and time, resulting in spatio-temporal expansion of the damage. Furthermore, in 2020, the disaster occurred while the social activities had been restricted due to COVID-19 pandemic. The compilation and dissemination of disaster survey data and lessons are essential toward the sustainable development of society. Therefore, JSCE has planned a special issue on the July 2020 torrential rain disaster in order to share and disseminate disaster information and to contribute to the advancement of technology and science related to disaster prevention and mitigation.抄録 令和2年7月，九州地方では4日から7日にかけて記録的な大雨となり，球磨川や筑後川では記録的な洪水が発生した．その後も西日本から東北地方の広い範囲で大気が不安定となり，江の川，最上川など大河川においても氾濫が相次いだ．近年では，毎年のように記録的な豪雨災害が発生しており，降雨強度だけでなく降雨のスケールが時空間的に大きくなっており，被害が時空間的に拡大している．さらに，令和2年度は新型コロナウィルスによる感染症対策のため，人々の活動が制限される中での災害となった．災害調査データを取り纏め，情報発信することは今後の持続可能な社会を検討する上で不可欠である．土木学会論文集では，災害情報を共有・発信し，防災に関する技術および学術分野の進展に資するために令和2年7月豪雨災害に関する特集を企画した．
ABSTRACT
Recordable heavy rainfall hit and caused severe floods from the Kuma River in Hitoyoshi and Kuma regions in July, 2020 due to an active frontal rain system. This paper aims to clarify challenges and issues in measures taken by core medical institutions against large-scale floods, which have been identified in the flood event in Kuma River in July 2020, based on the interview with the core medical institution in those regions. The paper then discusses directions for effective flood countermeasures of core medical institutions in order to have more robust Business Continuity Plan (BCP) for large-scale flood disasters.抄録 令和2年7月豪雨災害では，九州地方や東北地方などで大規模な出水となり，中でも九州地方では人的被害を含む甚大な被害が生じた．一方で，本災害は，新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）が全国的に流行する中で発生した最初の大規模水害であり，特殊な感染症への対応を継続しつつも，大規模な水害が発生した場合に地域の医療機能をどのように維持していくかが大きく問われた災害でもあった．本稿では，人吉・球磨地方における地域医療の拠点病院に対して令和2年7月豪雨災害での球磨川の氾濫に伴う浸水時の状況と対応についてヒアリングを行った結果を報告するとともに，これを踏まえた拠点医療機関の水害対策の課題と方向性について述べる．